An Integrated Publishing, Inc. Site

An Integrated Publishing Website

MIL-HDBK-783 Chemical And Biological \(Cb\) Contamination Avoidance And DecontaminationThis handbook contains six chapters. A brief description of each chapter follows: Chapter 1, "Introduction", briefly describes CB warfare history and agent threat effects on both personnel and material, and current countermeasures. Chapter 2, "Contaminants", describes agent properties, toxic mechanisms, and their threats. Also systems currently available to deliver and disseminate CB agents are discussed. Chapter 3, "Protection, Detection, and Contamination Control", introduces protection and contamination avoidance strategies. This chapter describes individual and collective protection equipment as well as support equipment and supply protection techniques. Detection and warning, an essential part of the contamination control strategy, is also addressed in this chapter. Chapter 4, "Decontamination, Methods, and Equipment", describes currently fielded decontaminants, equipment, and methods for personnel, equipment, vehicle, and aircraft decontamination. Levels of decontamination within the current Army doctrine are also discussed. Chapter 5, "Material and Design Considerations", describes the effects of both agents and decontaminants on materials and discusses the CB survivability requirements of the Army outlined in AR 70-71. Examples of material compatibility test data with CB contaminants, decontaminants, and design methods to reduce system current vulnerability to CB contaminant are discussed. Chapter 6, "Future Concepts". describes current U.S. Army development activities for providing new and improved decontamination methods to counter the current and future agent threats. Several decontamination concepts and their application feasibility are discussed.

Pages 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17

MIL-HDBK-783(EA)

4-6.6.2 Flushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-19

4-6.6.3 Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-19

4-6.6.4 Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-19

4-6.6.5 Clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-6.6.6 Slurry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-19

4-20

4-7 DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7.1 ABC-M11, DECONTAM1NATION APPARATUS, PORTABLE, DS2, l� QT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-21

4-7.2 M12A1, DECONTAMINATING APPARATUS, POWER-DRIVEN. SKID-MOIINTED

4-21

(PDDA) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7.3 M258 DECONTAMINATION KIT AND M258A1 DECONTAMINATION KIT

4-22

INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT (DKIE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7.4 M13, DECONTAMINATING APPARATUS, PORTABLE, 14 LITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-22

4-23

4-7.5 ABC-M13, DECONTAMINATING AND REIMPREGNATION KIT, INDIVIDUAL . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-23

4-7.6 M17, TRANSPORTABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT DECONTAMINATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . ....

4-24

4-7.7 M280, DECONTAMINATION KIT INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT (DKIE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-24

4-7.8 FIELD-EXPEDIENT DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-24

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-24

CHAPTER 5

MATERIAL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5-1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-1

5-1.1 DECONTAMINABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-1

5-1.2 HARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5-1.3 COMPATIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5 - 2 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5-2.1 CONTAMINANT EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5-2.1.1 Sorption And Resorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5-2.1.2 Deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2

5-2.2 DECONTAMINANT EFFECTS

5-3

5-3 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-3

5-3.1 MATERIALS AND COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-5

5-3.2 CONF1GURATION DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-3.3 CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-5

5-3.4 SUMMARY OF THE DESIGN GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6

CHAPTER 6

FUTURE CONCEPTS

6-1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1

6-2 DECONTAMINATION CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1

6-2.1 BASIC SOLDIER SKILLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-1

6-2.1.1 Sorbents and Reactive Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6-2.1.1.1 Reactive Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6-2.1.1.2 Reactive Clays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6-2.1.2 Other Reactive Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6-2.1.2.1 Microencapsulated Reactive Decontaminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-2

6-2.1.2.2 Crown Ethers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3

6-2.2 HASTY DECONTAMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3

6-2.2.1 Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3

6-2.2.2 Hot Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3

vii